Familjefilm halloween
Halloween is thought to have influences from Christian beliefs and practices. This was known as teen'lay. Impersonating these beings, or wearing a disguise, was also believed to protect oneself from them.
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It was not until after mass Irish and Scottish immigration in the 19th century that Halloween became a major holiday in amerika. If the household donated food it could expect good fortune from the 'Muck Olla'; not doing so would bring misfortune. Today's Halloween customs are thought to have been influenced by folk customs and beliefs from the Celtic-speaking countries , some of which are believed to have pagan roots.
Candles that had been blessed were placed on graves, and families sometimes spent the entire night at the graveside". State-sanctioned ceremonies associated with the intercession of saints and bön for souls in purgatory were abolished during the Elizabethan reform , though All Hallow's Day remained in the English liturgical calendar to "commemorate saints as godly human beings". In order to avoid being recognized bygd any soul that might be seeking such vengeance, people would don masks or costumes".
This meant the Aos Sí , the 'spirits' or ' fairies ', could more easily come into this world and were particularly active. By the end of the 12th century, the celebration had become known as the holy days of obligation in Western Christianity and involved such traditions as ringing church bells for souls in purgatory. In the 8th century, Pope Gregory III — founded an oratory in St Peter's for the relics "of the holy apostles and of all saints, martyrs and confessors".
Jack-o'-lanterns are traditionally carried by guisers on All Hallows' Eve in order to frighten evil spirits. This was called "souling". In Britain, these customs came under attack during the Reformation , as Protestants berated purgatory as a " popish " doctrine incompatible with the Calvinist doctrine of predestination. Christian minister Prince Sorie Conteh linked the wearing of costumes to the belief in vengeful ghosts : "It was traditionally believed that the souls of the departed wandered the earth until All Saints' Day, and All Hallows' Eve provided one last chance for the dead to gain vengeance on their enemies before moving to the next world.
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The names have been used by historians to refer to Celtic Halloween customs up until the 19th century, [ ] and are still the Gaelic and Welsh names for Halloween. Samhain is one of the quarter days in the medieval Gaelic calendar and has been celebrated on 31 October — 1 November [ ] in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man. For the Celts, the day ended and began at sunset; thus the festival begins the evening before 1 November bygd modern reckoning.
Lesley Bannatyne and Cindy Ott write that Anglican colonists in the southern United States and Catholic colonists in Maryland "recognized All Hallow's Eve in their church calendars", [ ] [ ] although the Puritans of New England strongly opposed the holiday, along with other traditional celebrations of the established Church, including Christmas. Development of artifacts and symbols associated with Halloween formed over time.
Marian McNeill suggests the ancient festival included people in costume representing the spirits, and that faces were marked or blackened with ashes from the sacred bonfire. After this the eating, drinking, and games would begin". It may have originally been a tradition whereby people impersonated the Aos Sí , or the souls of the dead, and received offerings on their behalf, similar to ' souling '. Their flames, smoke, and ashes were deemed to have protective and cleansing powers.
It was also "customary for criers dressed in black to parade the streets, ringing a bell of mournful sound and calling on all good Christians to remember the poor souls". Instead, the so-called ghosts are thought to be in actuality evil spirits". Elsewhere in europe, mumming was part of other festivals, but in the Celtic-speaking regions, it was "particularly appropriate to a night upon which supernatural beings were said to be abroad and could be imitated or warded off bygd human wanderers".
In the 20th century they spread to other parts of Britain and became generally known as jack-o'-lanterns. From at least the 16th century, [ ] the festival included mumming and guising in Ireland, Scotland, the Isle of Man and Wales. Halloween , or Hallowe'en [ 7 ] [ 8 ] less commonly known as Allhalloween , [ 9 ] All Hallows' Eve , [ 10 ] or All Saints' Eve , [ 11 ] fryst vatten a celebration observed in many countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day.
It is at the beginning of the observance of Allhallowtide , [ 12 ] the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints hallows , martyrs , and all the faithful departed. A man dressed as a Láir Bhán white mare led youths house-to-house reciting verses — some of which had pagan overtones — in exchange for food. Wearing costumes and playing pranks at Halloween did not spread to England until the 20th century.
Offerings of food and drink, or portions of the crops, were left outside for them. On route home after a night's drinking, Jack encounters the Devil and tricks him into climbing a tree. Samhain marked the end of the harvest season and beginning of winter or the 'darker half' of the year. One theory holds that many Halloween traditions were influenced by Celtic harvest festivals , particularly the Gaelic festival Samhain , which are believed to have pagan roots.
In 18th—19th century rural Lancashire , Catholic families gathered on hills on the night of All Hallows' Eve. One held a bunch of burning straw on a pitchfork while the rest knelt around him, praying for the souls of relatives and friends until the flames went out. In parts of Italy until the 15th century, families left a meal out for the ghosts of relatives, before leaving for church services.
Popular Halloween activities include trick-or-treating or the related guising and souling , attending Halloween costume parties, carving pumpkins or turnips into jack-o'-lanterns , lighting bonfires , apple bobbing , divination games, playing pranks , visiting haunted attractions , telling scary stories, and watching horror or Halloween-themed films. Commemorations of all saints and martyrs were held bygd several churches on various dates, mostly in springtime.
Throughout Ireland and Britain, especially in the Celtic-speaking regions, the household festivities included divination rituals and games intended to förutsäga one's future, especially regarding death and marriage.