Fungerande gasmask
The First World War brought about the first need for mass-produced gas masks on both sides because of extensive use of kemikalie weapons. Most combined gas mask filters will last around 8 hours in a biological or chemical situation. The later Triplex lens style a cellulose acetate lens sandwiched between glass ones [ 1 ] became more popular, and alongside plain cellulose acetate they became the standard into the s.
In , Iran received gas masks from the Republic of Korea and East Germany , but the Korean masks were not suited for the faces of non- East Asian people , the filter lasted for only 15 minutes, and the 5, masks bought from East Germany proved to be not gas masks but spray-painting goggles. Early versions were constructed by the Scottish chemist John Stenhouse in [ 7 ] and the physicist John Tyndall in the s.
A gas mask is a piece of anställda protective equipment used to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne pollutants and toxic gases. These waste materials were collected from the public in recycling programs to assist the war effort. Mine Safety Appliances was a chief producer. According to Popular Mechanics , "The common sponge was used in ancient Greece as a gas mask Primitive respirator examples were used by miners and introduced by Alexander von Humboldt in , when he worked as a mining engineer in Prussia.
Around , it was found that charcoals made from the shells and seeds of various fruits and nuts such as coconuts , chestnuts , horse-chestnuts , and peach stones performed much better than wood charcoal. Gas mask development since has mirrored the development of chemical agents in warfare, filling the need to protect against ever more deadly threats, biological weapons, and radioactive dust in the nuclear era.
Later, stronger polycarbonate came into use. The first gas masks mostly used circular lenses made of glass , mica or cellulose acetate to allow vision. Many filters provide protection from both types. Filters against specific chemical agents can last up to 20 hours. It was a simple device consisting of a cotton hood with two hoses which hung down to the floor, allowing the wearer to breathe the safer air found there.
Although thorough training and the availability of gas masks and other protective equipment can nullify the casualty-causing effects of an attack by chemical agents, troops who are forced to operate in full protective gear are less efficient in completing tasks, tire easily, and may be affected psychologically by the threat of attack by those weapons. Some masks have one or two compact air filter containers screwed onto inlets, while others have a large air filtration container connected to the gas mask via a hose that is sometimes confused with an air-supplied respirator in which an alternate supply of fresh air oxygen tanks is delivered.
Most gas masks are also respirators , though the word gas mask is often used to refer to military equipment such as a field protective mask , the scope used in this article. Airborne toxic materials may be gaseous for example, chlorine or mustard gas , or particulates such as biological agents.
For reasons of civil defence and personal protection, individuals often buy gas masks since they believe that they protect against the harmful effects of an attack with nuclear, biological, or chemical NBC agents, which is only partially true, as gas masks protect only against respiratory absorption. As late as , Iranian diplomats still travelled in Europe to buy active charcoal and models of filters to produce defensive gear domestically.
Gas masks only protect the user from ingesting or inhaling chemical agents, as well as preventing contact with the user's eyes many chemical agents affect through eye contact.
When Air Turns Toxic: Your Essential Gas Mask Guide
During the Cold War , it was seen as inevitable that there would be a constant NBC threat on the battlefield and so troops needed protection in which they could remain fully functional; thus, protective gear and especially gas masks have evolved to incorporate innovations in terms of increasing user comfort and compatibility with other equipment from drinking devices to artificial respiration tubes, to communications systems etc.
Haslett , a device that contained elements that allowed breathing through a nose and mouthpiece, inhalation of air through a bulb-shaped filter, and a vent to exhale air back into the atmosphere. However, for agents that cause harm through contact or penetration of the skin, such as blister agent or nerve agent , a gas mask alone is not sufficient protection, and full protective clothing must be worn in addition to protect from contact with the atmosphere.
Panoramic lenses were not popular until the s, but there are some examples of those being used even during the war [ clarification needed ] Austro-Hungarian 15M. During the Iran—Iraq War —88 , Iraq developed its chemical weapons program with the help of European countries such as Germany and France [ 24 ] and used them in a large scale against Iranians and Iraqi Kurds. The German army successfully used poison gas for the first time against Allied troops at the Second Battle of Ypres , Belgium on April 22, This was followed by the Black Veil Respirator , invented by John Scott Haldane , which was a cotton pad soaked in an absorbent solution which was secured over the mouth using black cotton veiling.
Iran was unprepared for chemical warfare. Glass and mica were quite brittle and needed frequent replacement. Seeking to improve on the Black Veil respirator, Cluny Macpherson created a maskering made of chemical-absorbing fabric which fitted over the entire head: a A compact version, the Small Box Respirator , was made a universal issue from August In the first gas masks of World War I, it was initially found that wood charcoal was a good absorbent of poison gases.
The mask forms a sealed cover over the nose and mouth, but may also cover the eyes and other vulnerable soft tissues of the face.
fungerande gasmask4
The main improvement was replacing the separate filter canister connected with a hose by an easily replaceable filter canister screwed on the side of the gas maskering. The first effective filtering activated charcoal gas mask in the world was invented in by Russian chemist Nikolay Zelinsky. This maskering was later used widely in industry. In addition, moist sponges were inserted at the end of the hoses in order to better filter the air.
There are lightweight masks solely for protection against riot-control agents and not for NBC situations. Also in World War I, since dogs were frequently used on the front lines, a special type of gas mask was developed that dogs were trained to wear. Also, it had replaceable plastic lenses. Most military gas masks are designed to be capable of protecting against all NBC agents, but they can have filter canisters proof against those agents heavier or only against riot control agents and smoke lighter and often used for training purposes.